Researchers have identified four distinct sleep patterns linked to long-term health outcomes, revealing the profound impact of sleep habits: regular good sleepers, weekend catch-up sleepers, insomnia sleepers, and nappers.

Soomi Lee, associate professor of Human Development and Family Studies at Penn State University, led a team in identifying these sleep patterns and their correlation to overall health.

The team found that “insomnia sleepers” and “nappers” dominate the population, with insomnia sleepers facing a higher risk of chronic illnesses like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and depression over a decade.

Their results were published in Psychosomatic Medicine.